Valley Forge Letter

My dearest sister Isabella,

The winter has been very cold and tough we've only been given fire cakes grilled on the grittle to eat along with water. We share a 16x4 foot long and walls 61/2 feet talll and a stone fire place and a cloth door with 12 men, the floors are dirt it's cold, damp and a very unhealthy place to sleep in. For a year we've been with Washington and runing away it seems like every living second along with being shot at. I tell you this because you are my on sister and I trust that you won't tell ma that things are going poorly. I know this would break her heart since the bad news of pa's death earlier in the war.

The whole time fighting we've only won one battle and that was at trenton crossing the delware river. I hate being in the war and all i want to do is come home to take care of you and ma. I hope that you have found a decent man that both pa and i would both like. Many men at Valley Forge have gotten sick from drink from the same stream that the soliders have gone to the bathroom in. Those of us who haven't gotten sick have been made to have vaccines. Genereal Nathanael Green is now the quartermaster and things are looking up for the war we are being taught new things to help us win more battles.

Isabella I think i'm going to try and stick it out for another 6 months becaue I hate the Britians so much that we're being taught the skills by Baron von Steuben a German whose a profesional solider he looks funny and can't speak english but we are learning so many skills that are need to kill the Britian's and rub it in their faces. I'm doing this only for myself, but for you and everyone at home and the fallen soliders that felt the same way I do. with all my love,

Noah

William Franklin Research Essay

William Franklin was born in 1731 and was born in Philideliphia William died December 13 1813. William Franklin represented New Jersey. William Franklin is the son BenjaminFranklin.William helped his father conduct many of the experiments that he is famous for, for example the kite experiment with lightning. William was engaged to a woman named Elizabeth Graeme but while he was in England studing law he married and had a chiled name William Temple Franklin with Elizabeth Downes.

William Franklin was a loyalist to King George III. When William came home from England he became a Royal governor in New Jersey, while he was in office William signed the charter for the Queen college. William remained loyal to the king while his father sided with. George Washington. With son and father on different sides it strained the relationship. John Adams and Samuel Adams on the other hand were cousins and were on the same side.

One motivation that William Franklin had for sticking with the King was personal ambition. William Franklin was the Governor for New Jersey so for him living was good he was paid 1,800 pounds for the loss of all of his estates. William Franklin may have stayed a loyalist because he w thought England was on the wining side of the war. To be on the loosing side of the war like Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson would not be good for his appearance he had made with all of the people higher than him. Benjamin Franklin was William's father. Ben was a patriot during the war and was doing a great deal of leading on that side, William Franklin did a good job of resiting his fathers actions to get him to change sides.

William Franklin doesn't deserve anymore recognition then he already has. He did little things during the war but nothing major that stands out. If were not leaning about William Franklin in class is he that important to learn about?

Boston Masacre

Gentleman of the jury:



Capt. Preston is indeed innocent on the day that the fight broke out between Sentinal and the teenager, Preston was not around as the mobed formed and things were being thrown at the soldiers by spectators, the mob was shouting fire, fire, fire, fire was interperted as a house was on fire so the fire bell starts ringing, this caused a lot of comotion and the soliders began to fire even though the order was not given.

Who's to blame for the five people being killed during the fight between Sentinal and the teenage boy? There was a lot of comotion going on that day with people throwing sticks and snowballs. The mob was shouting different things like fire, and when that was said the bell for a house fire started ringing and then soliders started to fire their guns without the command of their captin. There were may testomonies to say that they saw preston say fire but it was indeed a dark night out and you can not clearly see someone lips moving or hear them correctly from 18ft away when there is fighting, yelling, and church bell going off.

There is not any real evidence that Capt. Preston ever said the word fire. So most people would say that capt. Prestons men are guilty, But many people were saying fire fire and with all of the comothion going on Prestons men could have eaisly gotten confused thinking another mans voice was Capt. Prestons. Capt. Preston and his men should not be hung for the acidental deaths that occured the day of the Boston Massacre.

Quarter 4 Notes

Revolution and War
1763-1789
Revolution Notes

1763—Proclamation Act
The proclamation line is a divider that shows or tells where the Indians can have and the Britain's can't take, this line is the Appalachian mountains - Mississippi Mt's Indians Appalachian to ocean is the Britain's

1764—Grenville Acts (direct tax)
Sugar (molasses, wine)
Stamp
Quartering
Currency
Virtual/ Direct Representation
The Grenville acts were where the king taxed the most precious things to the colonist stamp & sugar. Quatering act was where soliders were placed in middle class ppls homes, currencey - only british pounds were to be used all colonies. English would only let ppl who had their best intrest and knew what they wanted to represent, Britian would put their best intrest in their hand

1765—Stamp Act Congress
Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams

Paul Revere
John Hancock
Propaganda
Boycotts
Lobsters (Lobster-backs, Thomas Lobster)
The first time delegates were sent to discuss issues against Britian


1766—Declaratory Act
They take back all of the takes but declares they have the right to tax the colonies any way they want to.

1767—Townsend Acts (indirect tax)
Charles Townsend
Writs of Assistance (search warrants)
Revenue used to pay Royal officials in the colonies
Tea Act (glass, paper, paint) support British East India Company
The second attmept to tax the colonies, establishes the tea acts

1770—Boston Massacre
March 5, 1770
Local reaction (primarily)
5 dead colonists
John Adams defends British soldiers/5 exonerated-2 convicted
Convicted men discharged and thumbs branded
the picture influenced people to fight, Paul Revere carved the picture of the Boston massacre

1773—Boston Tea Party
November 30, 1773--Dartmouth sails into Boston Harbor
December 16, 1773--Tea dumped into harbor
340 chests of tea dumped (value of 10,000 British pounds)
English did the tea act and this made Britian Furious. The tea acts were a response of the Boston Massacre

1774—Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts in Britain)
Close the port of Boston
Shut down Provincial and Town Governments
All offices appointed
This was an even bigger push back to the Enlish for dumping all of their tea into the water. This was a harsh response
Named General Thomas Gage as Governor
Gave all western lands north of the Ohio R. to Quebec, allowed Catholic Church to practice
1774—1st Continental Congress
September to October (7 weeks)
Carpenter’s Hall, Philadelphia
New England—John Adams, Paul Revere, Silas Deane
Virginia—Washington, Patrick Henry, Peyton Randolph, Richard Henry Lee
Pennsylvania—John Dickenson, Joseph Galloway (Plan for American council under Parliament, to avoid war)
New York—John Jay, James Duane
Maryland—Samuel Chase (future Supreme Court Justice), Charles Carroll (richest man in Maryland, Catholic)
Declaration of Rights—rejects Parliamentary authority over internal colonial affairs, colonies manage own defense, united aid to Boston if Intolerable Acts continue, absolute boycott of British goods to be enforced rigidly
Everyone came together to decide what to do about the intolerable acts


1775— January
William Pitt urges Parliament to withdraw troops from America because the idea of managing the colonies through force was “too ridiculous to take up a moment of your lordships’ time”

Don't go to war because it's expspensive. he's english nobody listens and later when they look back on the war the wished that they had listened.

1775—April 19 Lexington and Concord
Gen. Gage sends 700 men to Concord to seize the powder supplies
Paul Revere and William Dawes raise alarm the night before
Town of Lexington is on the way to Concord
Minutemen are assembled on the town common
“Shot heard round the world”
18 colonials killed and the rest run away
British march on to Concord and find the munitions were moved overnight
Minutemen ambush the British the whole way back to Boston
430 Redcoats make it back to Boston
30,000 Colonists surround Boston

The first battle of the war and the patriots hid ther stuff so the British never saw it

1775—May
Gen. Howe, Gen. Clinton, Gen. Burgoyne
5,000 British troops
Ethan Allen, “Green Mountain Boys” seize Fort Ticonderoga
Henry Knox uses canon to lay siege on Boston
Benedict Arnold (Connecticut) takes Fort Crown Point to impede an invasion from Canada

1775—May 10, 2nd Continental Congress
Sam Adams pushes for Independence
John Dickenson (Penn.) urges restraint
Agree to form Colonial Army
Delegates unanimously agree to Washington as Commander of Continental Army (John Adams suggestion)

John Adams is voting for the war with the english to happen and the nominate George Washington.
1775—June 17, “Battle of Bunker Hill”
Actually fought on Breed’s Hill
Gen. Howe leads assault without canon support (his canon had been matched with wrong-sized cannonballs [Amherst at Ticonderoga])
Militia waited to within 30 yards (some say 15 yards)
Militia target British officers
Militia ran extremely low on ammunition
On the third assault, led by Gen. Howe, British troops overtake the colonial position
Britain losses almost 1000 men (about half the attacking force)
Colonials lose about 500 men

Bristsh win but we kill twice as many men as the British men did

1776—January, Common Sense
Written by Thomas Paine
120,000 copies sold in three months
1776—March
Gen. William Howe evacuates Boston
July 2, lands in Staten Island, New York (Loyalist base)
1776—Declaration of Independence
June 7, Richard Henry Lee (Virginia) introduces legislation to declare independence from Britain
Before voting on Lee’s proposal Congress appoints five-man committee to draft a formal Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson, 33, does most of the writing)
June 28, Declaration presented to Congress
July 2, Congress approves Lee’s legislation to declare the United States of America independent of Great Britain
July 4, Congress officially adopts the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration intended to:
Undermine loyalty to King George III
Outline basic principles of representative government
Establish the “right” of rebellion
War

Thomas Paine wrote common sense
1776—August, Brooklyn Heights, New York
Largest Naval group Britain will launch until the 20th century
British victory, city falls to England
As winter came “sunshine patriots” left the American Army
Initial colonial enlistments due to expire
1776—December, Battle of Trenton
Howe believes war almost won
1,400 Hessians stationed at Trenton
Colonel Rall (Hessian) builds no fortifications
Washington “Crosses the Delaware” Christmas night
2,500 men; 18 artillery guns
Surprise attack at dawn
106 Hessians killed, 918 captured
No colonial casualties
Washington retreats in secret to avoid Gen. Cornwallis counter-attack

George washington was almost caught by the British but escaped capture by running though the fog

1777—January, Princeton
Washington ambushes British troops
Colonial victory establishes this will not be a quick war for Britain
1777—September-October, Saratoga
Gen. Burgoyne plans a three-prong attack on colonials at Albany
Plan does not consider the terrain, forcing British troops to march through swamps, lakes, hills and forests full of rebels
Two of the three “prongs” never arrive (Howe goes to Philadelphia instead, St. Leger retreats to New York afraid of Benedict Arnold)
Sept. Burgoyne crosses Hudson River
Oct. 17, Burgoyne surrenders
Establishes American Army as real threat
Helps secure open French Alliance
Turning Point of the War
A minor victory for Washington, ambush on British

1777-1778—Winter at Valley Forge
Under-funded troops
Low morale
10,000+ troops
4,000 troops listed as “unfit for duty” due to poor supplies (boots, blankets, coats, etc.)
2,500 troops die of disease (typhus, typhoid fever, dysentery, pneumonia)
George Washington mentioned a lack of shoes so severe that the men's "marches might be tracked by the blood from their feet”
Local farmers would sell produce to Brits who could pay cash

Green came in and started bring in supplies and food for soliders, Steuben started to teach us war tactics so that we could win some battles.

1779—February, Vincennes

1780—August, Camden

1780—October, Kings Mountain

1781—October, Yorktown
British Gen. Cornwallis
American Gen. Washington (also “Mad” Anthony Wayne, Baron von Steuben)
French Gen. Rochambeau (also Marquis de Lafayette)
Essentially a French Naval victory
Last significant battle of the war
We suronded the British from the sea and we bombed them for 9 straight days.

1783—Sept. 3, Treaty of Paris
Britain recognizes American independence
America gets all land from Atlantic coast to Miss. River, Great Lakes to Florida
Fishing rights to the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and off the coast of Newfoundland
America must pay debts to Britain
American congress would “earnestly recommend” all Loyalist property returned (States ignore this request)
We were in Paris when we signed the treaty we negotiated with Britain we got the first two items and have to give Britain the last two.

Plymouth Exam

I. Introduction




A. Thesis statement [sample: The founding of English colonies in modern Massachusetts combined a strange mix of idealism and violence.]




B. Preview first major point (without support) [Miles Standish contributed important protection to the early colonies by using violence.]




C. Preview second major point (without support) [ Benjamin Church provided vital leadership to protect the colonies during King Philip's War.]




D. Preview third major point (without support) [Despite all of this violence, the colonies were also founded on religious idealism.]




E. Significance of Thesis [It is important to understand the full history of these areas because this is what Americans generally consider to be our nation's beginning.]





II. First Major Point




A. Miles Standish protected his colony any way he could and in this case used violence.




B. ran into the wigwams and scared the Indians.




C. took a knife off an Indians neck and stabbed him with it.




D. he killed any Indians that he saw with pilgrims.




E. Significance of position is violence, Miles Standish in which Miles does to protect his colony






III. Second Major Point




A. Benjamin Church shows plays an important in protecting his colonies during King Phillips war.




B. Caught Annawon by sneaking in behind two men that led him to Annawon was the leader of Phillips tribe




C. Planned to attack Phillip when he runs and hides




D. Phillip who was an enemy head was put on a pole after he was killed.




E. Significance of position was Benjamin Church kept his colony safe and did this by violence.





IV. Third Major Point




A. Every child need a public education




B. Freedom of religion, free to pratice what they believe


C. Freedom to own property



E. Significance of position shows that this is idealism because they're leavig everything they have in England to come to America






V. Conclusion




A. Restate thesis (not re-write)




B. Restate significance of first position




C. Restate significance of second position




D. Restate significance of third position




E. Summary of paper (why is it important)






Hints: (Mr. M.'s classes should recognize these)




1. Everything in the essay should relate back to, or support, your thesis.




2. Do NOT use "I" statements in your paper.




3. Always be sure to 'back-up' or support your reasons and statements.




4. Be as formal as possible with your language.

Plymouth Exam

The founding of English colonies in modern Massachusetts combined a strange mix of idealism and violence. Miles Standish contributed important protection to the early colonies by using violence. Benjamin Church provided vital leadership to protect the colonies during King Philip's War. Despite all of this violence, the colonies were also founded on religious idealism. It is important to understand the full history of these areas because this is what Americans generally consider to be our nation's beginning.

Miles Standish proteted his colony any way that he could and in this case used violence. Miles Standish ran into the wigwams scarring the native americans so bad that they tried to run through the walls of the wigwam. The second way Miles Standish shows protecting his colony by violence is when he took a knife off a necklace an indian had and stabbed him with it. The third violent thing Miles Standish does to protect his colony was whenever he would see an indian with a pilgrim he would shoot the indian. The signifigance of this position is violence, Miles Standish is killing all of these Native Americans because he thinks that they're going to kill the pilgrims so he targets and kills the native americans first. Miles Standish uses violence to protect his colony the way he knew best

Benjamin Church plays an important role in protecting his colonies during King Phillips war. Benjamin Church caught Annawon by sneaking in behind to men who led him to Phillip and his tribe. Benjamin church and his men planned to attack Phillip when he decided to sneak out and hide again. The last violent thing that Benjamin Church and his men did was after killing their enemy King Phiilp they placed his head on a pole and let it rot for twenty years. The signifigance of position is violence Benjamin Church and his men were in a war against King Phillip they used viloence and killed native americans to protect their fellow pilgrims.

Despite all of this violence, the colonies were also founded on religious idealism. Pilgrims came to America for freedom of religion, back in England they were not allowed to pratice what they believed they had to pratice what the king decided. The second reason why pilgrims came to America was the freedom to own their own property, if they owned their own property they had control of themseves, when they worked how long they worked etc.The third thing that pilgrims believed was that all children should be in public school so that they can learn to read and write, this goes along with freedom of religion they learned how to read so that they could read the bible. The signifigance of position is that pilgrims come to America because of idealism wanting freedom to do as they please and how.

Enlish colonies moved to the United States and when they got here it was an ordeal of violence and idealism. Miles Standish uses violence to protect the people of his colony, he thinks that the Native Americans are out to kill them so he kills the Native Americans first. Benjamin Church and his people were in a war with King Philip, he proteteced his people by killing the Native Americans. The pilgrims came to America for freedom but found out that once they got here it was going to be a lot harder than they anticipated. It is important to realize that paper shows you that the stories that you hear when your little aren't true and when reading this paper it shows the real story.

Test Quotes

They are gentle, loving, faithful, lacking in all guile and trickery. The words denoting lying, deceit, greed, envy, slander, and forgiveness have never been heard. They have no jealousy, no sense of possession.--John Smith (character)

We shall make a new start. A fresh beginning. Here the blessings of the earth are bestowed upon all. None need grow poor. Here there is good ground for all, and no cost but one's labor. We shall build a true common wealth, hard work and self reliance our virtues. We shall have no landlords to rack us with high rents or extort the fruit of our labor. --John Smith (character)

Wounded knee essay

I-Intro
A thesis
B You tube- memorial pics of monuments
C You tube video documentary
D Essay on class blog
E Significance how emotions lead to violence

II - Body
A Restate thesis
B People leaving trash at the monument is disrespect
C racism because while drinking they made racial comments and violence when abusing Indians
D this clip shows violence telling little kids to come out and then kill them

III - Conclusion
A restate thesis
B how we've changed from back then to the way we treat people now
C respect for other people's beliefs and or religion
D we know teach our students how to go through a process to understand people
E Significance why we've changed what good comes from that

Wounded Knee Essay

Wounded knee illustrates one of the final events in long series of violent conflicts motivated by racism, disrespect and a lack of understanding. The first source was taken from you tube video of pictures about wounded knee. The second source was taken yet from another you tube video and was was a documentary on wounded knee. The third source was taken form the class blog and described wounded knee was a massacre not a battle. The significance to these three sources was to show how wounded knee happened because of racism, disrespect and a lack of understanding.

Wounded knee was an end result that came from racism, disrespect and a lack of understanding. In the first you tube video it shows people's journey and when they come to the site of the monument from wounded knee, and the names of people that were in the massacre there's trash or something around the monument and that there shows disrespect. Before the massacre of wounded knee happened the Americans were drinking and while drinking their words were not kind, the Americans were making racial comments and slurs about the Indians which shows racism. On the class blog it talks about how after the "massacre" was over the Americans told all of the children to come out now because they were safe. When all the children came out the Americans shot them all and that there shows violence. These three things show it's a massacre because it has nothing to do with fighting, it shows what they were feeling and not how they fought.

Racism, disrespect and a lack of understanding can cause a lot of problems between different cultures and the end result can be tragic and end with a massacre, just like the wounded knee. After the massacre happened America realized that we were wrong. Now we teach out students to treat other cultures with respect. Different cultures have different beliefs and religions and through the massacre of wounded knee we've learned to take those differences from our own and respect them even though we don't always agree. When different people come from different backgrounds they may act and look different, most people are quick to judge without even knowing who they are, now in the school system they're teaching to ask questions and get a better understanding of who someone is before they judge them. Racism, disrespect and a lack of understanding can cause a lot of issues so it's important to learn from the mistakes our ancestors made so that we don't have anymore massacres such as wounded knee.